Contiguous pile wall as a deep excavation supporting system venkata r. Soil nail walls standard specifications section 615. Support of the 28 meter high secant pile wall is done by seven levels of tie back anchors. Soldier pile with wooden lagging walls sheet pile wall figure 3. As a result, all tangent piles need to be reinforced. Sheet pile wall towards mosseveien securing mosseveien. The procedure for constructing secant piles is similar to interlocking piles, save that the secondary pile is not soft but constructed of concrete similar to the primary pile and reinforced in a similar fashion to the primary pile. It continues till the excavation reaches the final depth or formation level. Same as secant pile walls, except that piles touch but do. Model test on lateral loading performance of secant pile walls. The name of the method indicates that it is possible to drill a pile close to a wall.
Project description in this example we will design a cantilever sheet pile wall, supporting a 3. Tables 1 and 2 present the soil properties and the stratigraphy respectively. Typically, primary female piles are cast in situ, leaving space in between them. The secant piles are reinforced with either steel rebar or with steel beams and are constructed by either drilling under mud or augering. Secant pile walls tangent pile walls soldier piles deep. Pdf model test on lateral loading performance of secant. Secant piled walls can be constructed using either continuous flight auger cfa or bored castinplace cip methods.
Secant pile shaft construction modern tools and techniques allow excavation to depths previously considered infeasible by rob jameson and eric lindquist the cost for secant piling typically exceeds that of deep soil mix, sheet pile or similar watertight shoring systems. Secant pile walls are an extremely effective type of embedded or inground retaining wall. Secant pile walls construction methodology secant pile walls are an extremely effective type of embedded or inground retaining wall. The program is a practical design tool for engineers, allowing them to explore the effects of changing construction stages with ease and. Retaining wall design for the railroad infrastructure. To construct a secant pile wall we first install the unreinforced concrete secant piles and. More potential for gaps between piles than with secant pile. Dawsonwam are specialists in the installation of secant piled retaining walls and basements. Tangent piles, secant walls, sheet piling, shotcrete, earth.
The wall is formed by constructing alternating primary female and secondary male piles where the secondary piles partially cut into either side of the primary piles in order to form a continuous impervious structure. Tangent pile walls, in contrast to secant pile walls do not interesect. The main benefits of secant pile walls are improved construction sequence flexibility, a reduced amount of noise, improved wall stiffness in comparison to sheet piles, and where the ground is hard and digging is difficult this is an ideal solution. Sacrificial guide wall formers are used to accurately form an insitu concrete guide wall which is critical in the positioning and alignment of piles in a contiguous or secant piled wall. Sitemaster supports files from many inclinometer manufacturers such as digitilt. On the design of a deep secant pile wall igs 987 ngm 2016 proceedings figure 4 cross sectional view shows the situation where the axial force at secant pile is transferred to below bursting level with steel core piles.
Each secant pile for the access shaft was keyed 5 into shale bedrock. Secant pile walls are considered stiff on the basis of rigidity of the wall. Soldier pile walls and soldier pile tieback walls standard specifications sections 616 and 617. Jun, 2017 although the embedded pile is a relatively new feature, it has been validated by comparisons with the volume pile as well as with measurements from real tests. Furthermore, the method is well suited for drilling in areas with limited space. With tangent pile walls, it is common to create a pile cap so that a more homogenous behavior can be achieved. Guidewall a reinforced concrete template that is formed in the ground prior to the start of the construction of the secant or tangent pile walls. Secant pile construction secant pile walls are formed by constructing a series of overlapping primary and secondary concretefilled drill holes. Traditional soldier pile and wood lagging tangent secant piles slurry walls deep soil mix walls. Profile drawings esc pile global sheet piling solutions.
The pile that is lagging the wall between two main beams has to be examined for shear and compression arching. Bruce2, marco lucchi3, neil watkins4, nick wharmby5 abstract arapuni dam was completed in 1927 and is a 64m high curved concrete gravity structure across the waikato river in new zealand. A secant pile wall is a type of bored pile retaining wall consisting of a system of interlocking reinforced concrete piles. Development of secant pile retaining wall construction in. Because of the difficult ground conditions, secant pile wall with a pile diameter of 1. Sheet piles are steel sections in a wide variety of cross sectional shapes all with the ability to interlock with one another forming a continuous, watertight wall. This type of retaining wall was used for the construction of several deep excavation works on road and rail projects. What is the difference between pipe pile wall and secant pile. Secant pile walls tangent pile walls soldier piles. The pile that is lagging the wall between two main beams has. A secant pile wall consists of overlapping secant piles to form structural or cutoff walls and achieve the required water tightness.
Battered piles piles driven into the ground at an incline may be utilized with some foundations to. Secant pile walls for excavation support are designed to function in one of two ways. Note name and ncdot id number of the panel or srw unit production facility on working drawings. Sacrificial guide wall formers piling products cordek. Adsciafd secant and tangent pile wall construction specifications page 3 of 20 top of the guidewalls. In this example we will design secant pile wall circular shaft, supporting a 20ft excavation. The equipment used to construct secant piles generally comprises a heavy duty cfa auger with rotary cutting.
Inglis volkerstevin ltd, preston, united kingdom abstract the white cart water is a small river which runs through glasgow. The interlocking piles typically overlap each other by about three to fiveinches and are reinforced. The main advantage of this structure is its high bearing capacity. Sand, friction angle 30 degrees, total unit weight 120 pcf, loading modulus of elasticity eload 300 ksf, reloading modulus of elasticity eur 900 ksf. Secant pile walls are formed by constructing intersecting reinforced concrete piles. Design and construction of a secant pile wall in glasgow. Secant piles walls are formed by constructing intersecting concrete piles.
Plaxis validation of plaxis embedded piles for lateral. However, tangent pile walls are constructed with no overlap and ideally one pile touches the other. When properly constructed, secant pile wall offer soil support plus full water tightness. Oct 30, 2016 both types of walls are a type of retaining wall used when you want to go below ground. Design and construction of deep secant pile seepage cutoff walls under the arapuni dam in new zealand peter d amos1, donald a. The wall thickness is generally considered to be the width of the. A case study for waterproofing belowgrade walls shored. First level strut the soil is excavated to the next strut level and the second level strut is installed. These piles are built by using drilling mud bentonite and augering. Shafts are typically installed through a concrete guide wall that serves as a template to maintain proper alignment and pile. Pdf design of 20 m deep excavation with permanent anchored. Numerical modelling of groundwater flow around contiguous.
If it is a sheet pile wall, the sheet piles will be extracted. When the retained soil cannot be dewatered, a sheet pile earth retention system is an effective solution. Secant walls are installed by high torque fixed mast rigs. Pdf a common practice in the usa for excavation support system design is to assume that the. Subsequent concreting results in a continuous wall 3. Secant forms secant pile walls contiguous piles youtube. Specifications for the construction of secant and tangent pile wall systems using drilled shafts 19 october 2015 1. Secant pile walls can be constructed using different piling methods such as. The volume of concrete placed at each hole was typically around 45 cubic yards 34 cubic meters, which is about 25% more than the theoretical volume. Secant piles are an innovative way of constructing retaining walls and are formed by a series of interlocking bored concrete piles. Secant pile walls consist of reinforced and nonreinforced piles. Secant pile walls and tagent pile wall secant pile walls are formed by constructing intersecting reinforced concrete piles.
The contract documents and contract requirements are discussed in. Construction of secant pile wall this pictorial guide illustrates the construction sequence of a secant pile wall. Secant piles that are constructed by drilling overlapping shafts and filling to form. Tangent pile wall tangent pile walls are a variation of secant pile walls and soldier pile walls. Missouri university of science and technology scholars mine. These walls are formed by the intersection of individual reinforced concrete piles. The typical design approach develops the structural capacity of the wall in the vertical direction. The secant piles were tremie concreted with the casing progressively extracted as the concrete was placed. University of southampton, southampton so17 1bj, united kingdom. Parametric study on analysis and design of permanently. Wall cbpw as retaining structure of cut and cover tunnel. Godavarthi, dineshbabu mallavalli, ramya peddi, neelesh katragadda, and prudhvikrishna mulpuru 147 figure 2. Due to schedule, cost and availability of equipment and material, the seant pile wall.
Construction of secant pile wall is normally required when the building project is to be erected on soft ground or sandy soil. Development of secant pile retaining wall construction. The program has been widely used by engineers, contractors, universities, and government agencies nationwide and overseas. A 25 m deep secant pile retaining shaft in sensitive clay geotechnical engineer jorgen johannessen, norconsult as. A 25 m deep secant pile retaining shaft in sensitive clay. A retailing wall made up of a series of intersecting bored piles. Bored pile walls can be combined with our patented precast guide wall capping beam system to secure health and safety, cost, and programme benefits.
Design of 20 m deep excavation with permanent anchored secant bored pile wall sbpw and contiguous bored pile wall cbpw as retaining structure of cut and cover tunnel conference paper pdf. European commission joint research centre institute for the protection and security of the citizen contact information address. Cantilever sheet pile wall deep excavation llc 2 a. For mse wall designs, submit pdf files of working drawings and design calculations at least 30 days before the preconstruction meeting. Soil properties and wall stiffness affect the performance of excavations. Contiguous pile wall as a deep excavation supporting system. A secant piled wall is a retaining wall constructed for ground retention prior to excavation. Secant walls hold soil and rock back, even in unstable soil conditions, while preventing water flow into the excavation area. Design the cantilever sheet pile wall that satisfy the requirements for stability of the wall.
Development of secant pile retaining wall construction in urban new zealand nick wharmby brian perry civil, hamilton, wa. Secant pile wall design when steel beams are used involves the use of weaker than normal concrete. These modules are sophisticated design and analysis tools developed by experienced engineers and professors. Bored pile retaining walls do not generate the noise or vibration associated with sheet piled walls. A tangent pile wall consists of a single row of drilled. Depending upon the loads, soil conditions and wall geometry, it may be necessary to install tie backs to provide lateral resistance of the piles. They can also reach much greater depths, enabling the construction of deeper basements in congested urban areas. A secant pile wall example will be analyzed with deepex.
Due to schedule, cost and availability of equipment and material, the seant pile wall system was selected. Other wall systems, such as secant pile or cylinder pile walls, may be used based on the recommendation of the geotechnical engineer. Typically all piles in a tangent wall are reinforced with steel cages or beams. These walls consist of discrete vertical elements steel h piles, for example with wood or concrete lagging spanning between piles. Secant pile wall design and analysis example documents and e. Embedded retaining walls are used in a wide variety of civil engineering applications including for embankment stabilisation, construction of basement walls, underpasses or.
Anchored sheet pile wall sheet pile wall wales struts figure 5. There are many benefits to secant pile walls, including increased construction alignment flexibility, increased wall stiffness compared to sheet piles, the fact they can be installed in difficult ground cobblesboulders, and they can be used in high water table conditions with little dewatering. An alternative are the tangent pile walls, where the piles do not have any overlap. Within this analysis, the short section of internal retaining wall along grid line a3 has. The size of the space is determined by the nature of the soils. A case study for waterproofing belowgrade walls shored with continuous soil mix technology using a. From a customers pile layout plan cordek will produce a drawing detailing the size, shape and position of each former. Other challenges resulting from the presumed steep rock surface and possible vertical overhang was skidding of secant pile and. The piles are reinforced with either steel rebar or with steel beams and are constructed by either drilling under mud or augering. Cads piled wall suite consists of a series of dynamically linked software modules for the analysis and design of embedded walls in concrete or steel in accordance with both the eurocodes and british standards.
Pdf finiteelement analysis of secant pile wall installation. Among the disadvantages are that waterproofing is difficult to obtain at the joints, their higher cost, and. Do not begin mse wall construction until a design submittal is accepted. Signup for a free trial and get our free pdf on the five most common errors.
Contiguous pile wall contiguous piles are suitable where the groundwater table is below excavation level. Safety measures the land transport authority lta accords top priority to safety. In the last twenty years, sixteen pilesupported metro stations have been built in. Secant bored pile wall sbpw and contiguous bored pile. The soil is excavated by a drilling tool mounted at the tip of a telescopic kelly bar. Each secant pile wall system comprised of an drop shaft and approach channel. We provide industryleading piled retaining wall techniques and have installed some of the deepest piled retaining walls in the uk. A row of interlocking, vertical pile segments driven to form an essentially straight wall whose plan dimension is sufficiently large that its behavior may be based on a typical unit usually 1 foot vertical slice.
Request pdf on jan 1, 2017, matthias pulsfort and others published pouring of porous concrete in secant pile walls find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The important advantage of secant and tangent walls is the increased alignment flexibility. First, the primary piles are cast with a weaker, unreinforced concrete that can be cut in the second stage, when the secondary piles are bored. Development of secant pile retaining wall construction in urban new zealand nick wharmby brian perry civil, hamilton, waikato, new zealand synopsis in the last 3 years there have been a number of project requiring deep excavations in difficult ground, below the water table and in urban environments. The commonly used secant pile wall of prp type, with reinforced concrete piles rcp and plain concrete piles pcp arranged. Typically, 36 diameter shafts are installed at 30 centers, although this can vary depending on retained height and soil properties. In addition, piles are also used for soldier pile retaining walls and to support the footings of ttype retaining walls. Tangent pile walls are similar to secant pile walls, with the exception the piles do not overlap but rather are positioned next to one another and outer edges touching. Secant pile walls require a reinforced concrete guide wall to ensure the correct location and alignment of the pile x and y direction and temporary casing to. Another benefit of the csm over secant pile walls was the method in which the drilling. The walls also may have increased stiffness, and the construction process is less noisy. Secant piles are reinforced with either steel rebar or steel beams.
Pouring of porous concrete in secant pile walls request pdf. The design can incorporate steel bar or beams for reinforcement and anchors can provide additional lateral support, if needed. Walls may be tiedback for increased lateral resistance, both secant and tangent walls offer much stiffer lateral response than sheet piles or solider pile and lagging walls. Construction of contiguous bored pile wall this pictorial guide illustrates the construction sequence of a contiguous bored pile cbp wall. The finding shows that the embedded pile is not only in good agreement with the volume pile, but also able to resemble the real pile behavior. The guidewall provides restraint to the position and verticality of. When the fully cased pile technique is used, the insection of the full depth casing is simultaneous to the excavation, until the final depth is reached. The purpose of this is to ensure that the strata behind the wall would remain undisturbed during construction and to ensure safety from. Secant pile walls are formed by constructing reinforced concrete piles that interlock, and are often used as a costeffective solution when shortterm water retention is required. For this height of sand, determine the maximum bending moment in the sheet pile wall. Specifications for the construction of secant and tangent. Several options including bracedsheet pile wall, precast tubular caisson type structure and secant pile wall consisting of interconnected drilled shafts were considered for the excavation support. Revit structure secant pile wall a method revit news. The overall stiffness of the support system is calculated in terms of an effective stiffness of the system.
Secant pile walls are used as permanent or temporary elements in foundations, excavations, slope stabilization. The soil or rock stratum that carries the load transferred to it by a secanttangent pile. This type of retaining wall was used for the construction of chinatown station on the north east line nel. A secant pile wall is an often realized structure when it is not possible to use diaphragm walls. Testing a secant pile wall a secant pile wall figure 1 consists of two series of piles. Shoring suite is a software package that contains 4 modules. Pile retaining walls a retaining wall construction method in which walls are constructed with small gaps between adjacent piles. They are formed with intersecting piles of concrete forming a continuous structure. A disadvantage is then the requirement of very powerful machines and big demands for accuracy. Pipe pile walls are very similar to a soldier pile wall, and may even be considered as such. Final duevel arema retaining wall design for the railroad.